The Swiss voted on Sunday on a much-debated proposal to tighten their country’s cherished neutrality, with polls indicating most would reject the initiative championed by the hard-right and dubbed “pro-Russian” by opponents.

Polling stations opened on Sunday morning for in-person voting on those and other topics as part of Switzerland’s direct democracy system, although most people vote in advance by post.

The Swiss widely embrace their neutrality, but an initiative to enshrine a strict definition into the constitution has exposed deep disagreement over what that neutrality entails.

Switzerland’s traditional position is one of armed neutrality, but Russia’s war in Ukraine reopened questions over its non-engagement in foreign conflicts.

Concerned over Bern’s decision to back the European Union’s economic pressure on Russia, the pro-sovereignty Pro Switzerland organisation collected enough signatures to trigger a referendum under the country’s direct democracy system on better anchoring neutrality in its constitution.

The proposal has been roundly rejected by nearly the entire political establishment, with opinion polls indicating most voters will do the same.

Moscow, which has slammed Switzerland for joining the EU sanctions and accused Bern of abandoning its neutrality, has meanwhile praised the initiative — dubbed “pro-Russian” by some opponents.

The proposal calls for the constitution to guarantee that Swiss neutrality is “armed and perpetual”.

It would prevent Switzerland, whose neutrality dates back to 1516 and has been internationally recognised since 1815, from establishing closer ties with NATO and would rule out any military alliance except if the country were attacked.

And it would prohibit imposing sanctions unless called for by the United Nations.

‘Perpetual armed neutrality’

All sides in the debate argue that they want to maintain Switzerland’s neutrality.

Both the Swiss government and parliament have rejected the proposal, arguing it is too dogmatic and would limit the country’s room for manoeuvre at a time of soaring geopolitical tensions.

“Neutrality has always been applied with a degree of flexibility,” Swiss Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis said during a recent televised debate.

While Switzerland had no plans to lift a ban on selling arms to countries in conflict, including to Ukraine, he stressed that “neutrality does not mean indifference”.

The country, he said, would “not look away when we see violations of the very international rules that allow us to live in peace”.

Nearly all major political parties have also turned their nose up at the initiative, with the exception of the hard-right Swiss People’s Party (SVP), the country’s largest party.

“Our goal is to foster peace, diplomacy and dialogue,” SVP vice president Celine Amaudruz said during a televised debate.

“To achieve that, we must maintain credibility through perpetual armed neutrality,” she insisted.

While initial opinion polls had indicated that the vote might be tight, the final two surveys suggested a clear majority of voters — well above 60 per cent — would reject the initiative.

Polls also suggested voters would reject the other national initiative on Sunday’s ballot, put forward by a non-partisan citizens’ movement and calling for the country to raise its food self-sufficiency rate to 70pc, up from 42pc in 2024.

The government has warned that the target would be difficult, if not impossible, to reach, while most major parties also reject it as unrealistic.

Polling stations will close at 12:00pm (3:00pm PKT) at the latest.